In Ontario, understanding the legal working age is essential for both young job seekers and employers. Whether you’re a teenager looking for a part-time job or a business owner hoping to hire, knowing the legal working age in Ontario ensures compliance with provincial labor laws and protects young workers’ rights.
Ontario’s employment laws are designed to balance opportunities for youth with the need to protect their health, safety, and education. In this blog, we’ll explore what the legal age for employment is, how it varies by industry, and what responsibilities both employers and employees have under Ontario’s labor standards.
What Is the Legal Working Age in Ontario?
The Employment Standards Act, 2000 (ESA) sets minimum age requirements for employment in Ontario. While there is no single minimum age across all job sectors, the general minimum age is 14 years, with additional age restrictions depending on the nature of the work and the industry.
Here is a breakdown of legal working ages by sector:
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14 Years Old: Allowed to work in offices, retail stores, and food service settings (excluding hazardous tasks).
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15 Years Old: Eligible for work in factory settings (excluding certain high-risk activities).
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16 Years Old: Can work in construction sites or logging operations (non-hazardous duties).
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18 Years Old: Required for more hazardous or complex roles, such as underground mining and window cleaning above a certain height.
Exceptions and Restrictions
Even if a young person meets the minimum age for employment, there are further limitations based on occupational health and safety regulations:
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Workplace Safety: Certain jobs involving dangerous machinery, chemicals, or high-risk environments may be off-limits regardless of age unless special training or supervision is provided.
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Working Hours: The Ontario Ministry of Labour restricts the hours minors can work, especially during school hours. For example, youth under 18 are generally not allowed to work during school hours unless they are exempt from attending school or are enrolled in alternative programs.
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School Attendance Laws: The Education Act mandates that youth under 18 must attend school unless specific conditions apply. This affects when and how much they can work.
Important Considerations for Employers
If you’re an employer planning to hire youth workers, here are several responsibilities and best practices to keep in mind:
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Verify Age: Always confirm the age of the potential employee and ensure their job aligns with the regulations for their age group.
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Provide Safe Conditions: Employers are legally required to offer safe and healthy working environments. This includes training and protective gear if necessary.
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Adhere to Work Hour Limits: Know the rules for scheduling minors, especially during school days, weekends, and holidays.
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Written Consent: In some cases, it may be advisable to obtain written parental consent before hiring a minor, though not always legally required.
Best Jobs for Youth in Ontario
Young individuals looking to enter the workforce can explore several job opportunities that meet legal requirements. These include:
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Retail positions (e.g., cashier, stock clerk)
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Food service (e.g., barista, host/hostess, kitchen helper)
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Office administration (e.g., filing, data entry)
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Tutoring or babysitting
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Camp counselor or lifeguard (requires certifications)
These jobs typically align with safe working conditions and provide valuable early work experience.
Rights and Protections for Young Workers
All workers in Ontario—regardless of age—are protected under the ESA. Young workers have the right to:
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Be paid minimum wage or higher
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Take meal and rest breaks
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Work in a safe and respectful environment
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Refuse unsafe work
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Receive pay stubs and employment records
It’s vital for youth to know their rights and for employers to respect them. Ignorance of the law is not an excuse, and violations can lead to penalties.
How to Prepare Youth for Employment
For parents and guardians, helping teenagers prepare for their first job can make a significant difference in their safety and success. Consider the following:
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Educate them on their legal rights
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Encourage them to ask questions during interviews
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Monitor their workload to avoid school conflicts
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Support them if they encounter any workplace issues
Why Compliance Matters
Employers who violate Ontario’s employment laws can face serious consequences, including fines, legal action, and reputational damage. On the flip side, businesses that foster safe, inclusive environments for young workers not only stay compliant but also contribute positively to community development and workforce diversity.
Being informed and proactive is key to building strong employer-employee relationships—especially when hiring individuals under 18.
Conclusion
The legal working age in Ontario depends on the job and industry, but knowing the basics helps both employers and job seekers make informed decisions. As youth enter the workforce, understanding the legal framework is critical to their safety, well-being, and future success.
If you’re an employer unsure about your responsibilities or a parent with questions about your child’s work rights, Dharsi Law is here to help. We specialize in employment law and provide trusted guidance tailored to Ontario’s legal landscape. Let us help you stay compliant and confident in your workforce decisions.
